Today, we shall be presenting a 354-million-year-old sea urchin.
This is a fossil found in the USA.
It belongs to a sea urchin that lived 354-million-years ago.
As you know, today's sea urchins have a round and spiky appearance.
If we now imagine this specimen being pressed and flattened from on top, we can gain some
idea of how this organism was fossilized.
The sea urchin is a member of the Echinoderm family from the class Echinodia, which are
typically spherical and symmetrical life forms.
In other words, it is symmetrical and spherically symmetric.
That means that, from whichever direction we look at it, both surfaces will be equal to
one another.
It has very interesting properties.
These life forms can walk, we can say, with their transparent arms or feet.
This is not common among Echinoderms because they are transparent and can move and feed
in this way.
They can survive on the seabed.
If we now count its spines and have a general look at its anatomy, there is no difference
between sea urchins as they wore 354-million-years-ago and their present-day forms.
Indeed, if change or mutation happens, it is deadly to a life form.
This may happen through radioactive effects or mankind may produce them themselves.
But if an organism's DNA is changed on the molecular level, then undesirable deformities
that should not happen will take place in its body or it will die.
This is known as mutation, such as when changes come about as a result of radioactivity or toxic
substances.
Human beings can also change it, and this is known as gene therapy.
But in no case is there any question of a structure that might lead to an extra limb
in an organism's body, a significant gene, or an extra enzyme that might be beneficial
to its DNA.
And since its DNA does not change, neither will its phenotype.
In other words, DNA and phenotypes are inextricably interconnected.
We can see that these two factors are the same here.
To summarize, we see that living things have never changed, neither in terms of DNA nor
of phenotypes, and that evolution never happened.
This 354-million-year-old sea urchin is a typical example of this.
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