WEBVTT

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Today, we shall be presenting a 354-million-year-old sea urchin.

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This is a fossil found in the USA.

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It belongs to a sea urchin that lived 354-million-years ago.

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As you know, today's sea urchins have a round and spiky appearance.

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If we now imagine this specimen being pressed and flattened from on top, we can gain some

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idea of how this organism was fossilized.

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The sea urchin is a member of the Echinoderm family from the class Echinodia, which are

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typically spherical and symmetrical life forms.

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In other words, it is symmetrical and spherically symmetric.

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That means that, from whichever direction we look at it, both surfaces will be equal to

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one another.

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It has very interesting properties.

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These life forms can walk, we can say, with their transparent arms or feet.

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This is not common among Echinoderms because they are transparent and can move and feed

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in this way.

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They can survive on the seabed.

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If we now count its spines and have a general look at its anatomy, there is no difference

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between sea urchins as they wore 354-million-years-ago and their present-day forms.

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Indeed, if change or mutation happens, it is deadly to a life form.

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This may happen through radioactive effects or mankind may produce them themselves.

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But if an organism's DNA is changed on the molecular level, then undesirable deformities

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that should not happen will take place in its body or it will die.

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This is known as mutation, such as when changes come about as a result of radioactivity or toxic

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substances.

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Human beings can also change it, and this is known as gene therapy.

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But in no case is there any question of a structure that might lead to an extra limb

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in an organism's body, a significant gene, or an extra enzyme that might be beneficial

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to its DNA.

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And since its DNA does not change, neither will its phenotype.

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In other words, DNA and phenotypes are inextricably interconnected.

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We can see that these two factors are the same here.

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To summarize, we see that living things have never changed, neither in terms of DNA nor

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of phenotypes, and that evolution never happened.

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This 354-million-year-old sea urchin is a typical example of this.

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The super hacker journey.

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