WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:28.320 The Universe, endless, wonderful and incredibly exciting. 00:28.320 --> 00:33.600 Many times larger than the Earth, gigantic black holes whose structures defy the known 00:33.600 --> 00:38.380 laws of physics, the nuclear reactor of the Sun, which is also the source of our life 00:38.380 --> 00:45.880 giving energy, and billions of cities of stars that make up galaxies. 00:45.880 --> 00:53.160 The Universe is truly unimaginably large and is full of wonders waiting to be discovered. 00:53.160 --> 01:03.160 It is so vast that we cannot even properly determine the boundaries of the Universe. 01:03.160 --> 01:08.340 According to the latest astrophysical research, the limits of the observable Universe are at 01:08.340 --> 01:12.240 least 93 billion light years in diameter. 01:12.240 --> 01:15.740 This is a number far beyond our comprehension. 01:15.740 --> 01:20.740 Let's consider that light travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometers a second, a speed that 01:20.740 --> 01:26.740 would allow one photon of light to travel around the world seven times in just a second. 01:26.740 --> 01:30.260 93 billion light years. 01:30.260 --> 01:35.020 While we are still not able to comprehend the meaning of this number, the situation is even 01:35.020 --> 01:38.240 further complicated by another finding. 01:38.240 --> 01:47.240 Every second, the Universe is expanding at an alarming rate, and this speed is gradually increasing. 01:47.240 --> 01:52.360 In this episode of Miracle Planet, we will examine the expansion of the magnificent Universe and 01:52.360 --> 01:53.800 our world's place within it. 01:53.800 --> 01:58.800 We will also look at the beginning of it all, the Big Bang, which is the moment of birth of 01:58.800 --> 02:05.800 our Universe and some of the amazing new discoveries of astronomy. 02:05.800 --> 02:08.600 Scientific information is important for us. 02:08.600 --> 02:13.580 Every new piece of information about the Universe we obtain allows us to widen our horizons a little 02:13.580 --> 02:14.580 bit more. 02:14.580 --> 02:19.940 By God's grace, as we expand our horizons and increase our knowledge, we grow more in awe of 02:19.940 --> 02:25.980 our Lord's infinite wisdom, glory, and power. 02:25.980 --> 02:54.020 Let's begin this episode of Miracle Planet. 02:54.020 --> 03:00.500 Our Place in the Universe 03:00.500 --> 03:05.160 If our minds are unable to really grasp the enormous scale of the Universe, how do we know 03:05.160 --> 03:07.020 our place in it? 03:07.020 --> 03:11.580 We can use the size of the world as a benchmark to help us understand the true magnitude of 03:11.580 --> 03:13.100 the Universe. 03:13.100 --> 03:19.060 For example, a point of reference might be that the diameter of the Sun is 103 times that 03:19.060 --> 03:20.500 of the Earth. 03:20.500 --> 03:23.060 Let's explain this using a comparison. 03:23.060 --> 03:27.400 If we take the size of the Earth to be that of a marble, then the Sun becomes a sphere 03:27.400 --> 03:29.540 twice the size of a soccer ball. 03:29.540 --> 03:33.880 What is really striking here is the distance between them. 03:33.880 --> 03:40.560 The above model, our Earth, the size of a marble, is 280 meters away from the Sun, the size of 03:40.560 --> 03:42.320 two footballs. 03:42.320 --> 03:46.660 If we apply this to our solar system, then we would need to place the planets kilometers 03:46.660 --> 03:48.860 away. 03:48.860 --> 03:53.200 We may conclude from this simulation that the solar system is truly huge. 03:53.200 --> 03:58.940 However, compared to the size of the Milky Way galaxy in which it lies, the size of the 03:58.940 --> 04:02.060 solar system is rather modest. 04:02.060 --> 04:07.880 This is because the Milky Way galaxy contains around 250 billion stars, many of which are 04:07.880 --> 04:17.540 even larger than the Sun. 04:17.540 --> 04:21.480 The Milky Way is such a massive collection of stars that if you tried to cross it with the 04:21.480 --> 04:26.880 jet plane, it would take you 100 billion years to go from one end to the other. 04:26.880 --> 04:32.480 However, what is truly incredible is that the Milky Way galaxy is generally considered a small 04:32.480 --> 04:34.420 place within space. 04:34.420 --> 04:36.480 There are other galaxies in space. 04:36.480 --> 04:41.600 In fact, it is estimated that there are somewhere between 200 and 300 billion of them. 04:41.600 --> 04:46.180 And as more are continuously being discovered, the actual number remains unknown. 05:04.420 --> 05:18.100 Our world was created as a very special place for life within a universe so vast that we cannot 05:18.100 --> 05:19.640 reach its limits. 05:19.640 --> 05:24.540 For us, the planet's thousands of meters high mountains, the wide plains and the enormous 05:24.540 --> 05:26.980 oceans make the world seem huge. 05:26.980 --> 05:32.180 But in comparison to the vast dimensions of space, it covers an almost negligible area. 05:34.420 --> 06:01.080 When you consider the width of the universe and the size of celestial bodies, then the size 06:01.080 --> 06:05.180 of the world is as tiny as a grain of sand in my hand. 06:31.080 --> 06:37.080 Our goal is to envision a better view of our small position in the universe than the picture 06:37.080 --> 06:40.080 of a pale blue dot that you now see on your screen. 06:40.080 --> 06:53.260 Yes, as you may have guessed, that little blurred blue dot in the photograph shows our world all 06:53.260 --> 06:56.080 alone in the vastness of space. 06:56.080 --> 07:01.900 The Voyager 1 probe took the photograph from the staggering distance of 6.4 billion kilometers 07:01.900 --> 07:06.900 away from the Earth. 07:06.900 --> 07:13.080 The astronomer Carl Sagan made the following comments in his speech on this impressive photograph. 07:13.080 --> 07:20.240 Consider again that dot, that's here, that's home, that's us. 07:20.240 --> 07:25.580 On it, everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being 07:25.580 --> 07:28.900 who ever was, lived out their lives. 07:28.900 --> 07:32.840 The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. 07:32.840 --> 07:37.580 Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors, so that in glory 07:37.580 --> 07:42.620 and triumph they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. 07:42.620 --> 07:48.180 Our posturing, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position 07:48.180 --> 07:53.120 in the universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. 07:53.120 --> 08:00.260 Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. 08:00.260 --> 08:04.780 We can better understand our position in the universe due to advances in science, and we 08:04.780 --> 08:08.260 realize how we are mistaken to so greatly regard ourselves. 08:08.260 --> 08:30.740 To be continued. 08:30.740 --> 08:59.640 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Photograph 09:00.740 --> 09:15.260 In 2004, we peered further back in time than ever before and captured the light from the 09:15.260 --> 09:21.460 most distant galaxies in the universe. 09:21.460 --> 09:25.680 There is another important image that helps us better understand the size of the universe, 09:25.680 --> 09:35.460 a deep space photograph. Let's look at it together. 09:35.460 --> 09:40.420 The image you can see on the screen was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope over a period 09:40.420 --> 09:44.280 of 11 days. 09:44.280 --> 09:49.420 The lens of this famous telescope was focused on Orion at a very small point of space just 09:49.420 --> 09:55.480 below the Hunter constellation. The image taken by the telescope has become 09:55.480 --> 10:00.460 one of the most talked about images of the skies in modern times. 10:00.460 --> 10:05.420 Every tiny point of light in the image called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field is not a star. 10:05.420 --> 10:11.740 In fact, it's a galaxy that contains hundreds of billions of stars. In effect, it's a portrait 10:11.740 --> 10:18.860 of around 10,000 galaxies. 10:18.860 --> 10:24.340 The most distant galaxies in that image are over 13 billion light years away. The Hubble 10:24.340 --> 10:29.800 Telescope allows us to look back at almost the beginning of time itself and provides important 10:29.800 --> 10:47.580 clues from deep space as to how the universe began. 10:47.580 --> 10:52.500 Providing just the few examples we have seen of the glorious celestial bodies and wonders 10:52.500 --> 10:58.700 of the universe are adequate to show the uniqueness of God's artistry in His creation. God invites 10:58.700 --> 11:04.400 people to contemplate on the creation of the heavens in Surat An-Nazi'at in the Quran. 11:04.400 --> 11:07.980 I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan. 11:07.980 --> 11:14.500 Are you stronger in structure or is heaven? God, He built it. He raised its vault high and 11:14.500 --> 11:17.720 made it level. 11:17.720 --> 11:22.460 The art of God's creation of the heavens is very great and magnificent. As mentioned earlier, 11:22.460 --> 11:28.180 the universe is so overwhelmingly large that even comprehending the meaning of numbers used 11:28.180 --> 11:30.880 to describe it such as billions of light years is difficult. 11:30.880 --> 11:51.960 Yet there is one truth that we all know. The entirety of what we have mentioned above did 11:51.960 --> 11:58.660 not exist 13.8 billion years ago. Matter was not in existence. Even time and space were not present. 11:58.660 --> 12:04.280 Then, the universe and everything inside of it came into existence all of a sudden, meaning 12:04.280 --> 12:29.980 that all were created. 12:29.980 --> 12:30.980 The Big Bang. 12:30.980 --> 12:31.680 The Big Bang. 12:31.680 --> 12:33.680 The Big Bang. 12:33.680 --> 12:35.680 The Big Bang. 12:35.680 --> 13:05.660 Thank you. 13:05.680 --> 13:35.660 Thank you. 13:35.680 --> 13:37.680 Thank you. 14:05.680 --> 14:07.680 Thank you. 14:07.680 --> 14:09.680 Thank you. 14:09.680 --> 14:11.680 Thank you. 14:11.680 --> 14:20.120 Let us now return to the beginning of the universe 13.8 billion years ago and provide through 14:20.120 --> 14:24.800 scientific inquiry an answer to the question, what happened at that crucial moment when 14:24.800 --> 14:27.020 everything came into existence from nothing? 14:27.020 --> 14:29.020 Let's watch. 14:29.020 --> 14:37.420 The Big Bang was first proposed in the 1920s as a theory which showed that the universe 14:37.420 --> 14:43.380 had a beginning by the Russian cosmologist and mathematician Alexander Friedman and the 14:43.380 --> 14:46.020 Belgian physicist George Lemaitre. 14:46.020 --> 14:53.080 The theory is widely accepted by scientists, especially physicists, due to the extremely 14:53.080 --> 15:00.300 detailed evidence provided, infinite mass, zero volume, in short nothingness, and then 15:00.300 --> 15:04.700 suddenly a moment of presence. 15:04.700 --> 15:09.640 German science still cannot explain what happened in the first moment of creation, 10 to the 15:09.640 --> 15:12.980 power of minus 43 seconds long. 15:12.980 --> 15:16.700 This represents a very short amount of time. 15:16.700 --> 15:24.640 10 to the power minus 43 or 0.42 zeros and a 1. 15:24.640 --> 15:29.620 This period of 10 to the minus 42 seconds is known as Planck time. 15:29.620 --> 15:34.640 This period, named after German scientist Max Planck, is so short that a special term is 15:34.640 --> 15:36.600 required to express it. 15:36.600 --> 15:42.620 What we know according to scientific evidence is as follows, stars, galaxies, and the building 15:42.620 --> 15:47.820 blocks of our lives, the calcium in our bones and the iron in our blood, as well as other 15:47.820 --> 15:53.540 elements in our bodies such as nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, the atoms required for the air 15:53.540 --> 15:59.500 that we breathe, and the water that we drink, everything, all have come into existence with 15:59.500 --> 16:08.880 the moment of creation called the Big Bang. 16:08.880 --> 16:12.860 The basis of everything we see is atoms and molecules. 16:12.860 --> 16:18.860 Scientists have so far discovered 118 elements, and of these, 92 occur naturally. 16:18.860 --> 16:23.300 When we consider the complexity of our surroundings, this is absolutely astounding. 16:23.300 --> 16:27.720 At the same time, we know that beyond the Earth, everything we see in the universe is made 16:27.720 --> 16:41.000 of the same 92 elements. 16:41.000 --> 16:45.840 The steel, rubber, and glass in a car are made up of a number of different materials. 16:45.840 --> 16:51.680 If we go deeper, we see that those materials are made of combinations of various elements 16:51.680 --> 16:55.760 such as iron, silicon, chrome, and carbon. 16:55.760 --> 17:01.100 Every atom of the car was created billions of years ago with the formation of the universe. 17:01.100 --> 17:05.640 The atoms of every single element came into existence during the first minutes following 17:05.640 --> 17:06.540 the Big Bang. 17:06.540 --> 17:11.740 The raw materials of the technological gadgets we are using this moment, the parts that make 17:11.740 --> 17:17.240 up our buildings, the leaves of every tree, the center of the Earth, the oceans, and people's 17:17.240 --> 17:18.760 bodies. 17:18.760 --> 17:26.960 For example, the water we drink is very old. 17:26.960 --> 17:32.700 The hydrogen atoms here were formed following the Big Bang in an environment of unimaginably 17:32.700 --> 17:33.860 high temperatures. 17:33.860 --> 17:39.320 In other words, the hydrogen atoms in this water were created 13.8 billion years ago. 17:39.320 --> 17:43.600 Now let's look at the evidence for the Big Bang that has led it to become accepted by the 17:43.600 --> 18:00.160 global scientific community. 18:00.160 --> 18:05.500 Proofs of the Big Bang 18:05.500 --> 18:06.500 Expansion of the Universe 18:06.500 --> 18:14.440 In 1929, in the California Mount Wilson Observatory, an American astronomer by the name of Edwin Hubble 18:14.440 --> 18:18.660 made one of the greatest discoveries in the history of astronomy. 18:18.660 --> 18:22.460 While he observed the stars with the giant telescope, he found out that the light from 18:22.460 --> 18:28.000 them was shifted to the red end of the spectrum, and that this shift was more pronounced the further 18:28.000 --> 18:30.520 a star was from the Earth. 18:30.520 --> 18:35.020 This discovery had an electrifying effect in the world of science, because according to 18:35.020 --> 18:39.420 the recognized rules of physics, the spectra of light beams traveling towards the point 18:39.420 --> 18:45.420 of observation tend towards violet light, while the spectra of the light beams moving away 18:45.420 --> 18:49.180 from the point of observation tend towards red. 18:49.180 --> 18:54.060 During Hubble's observations, the light from stars was discovered to tend towards red. 18:54.060 --> 18:57.700 This meant that they were constantly moving away from us. 18:57.700 --> 19:01.020 For long, Hubble made another important discovery. 19:01.020 --> 19:05.860 The stars and the galaxies were not only moving away from us, they were also moving away from 19:05.860 --> 19:07.240 each other. 19:07.240 --> 19:11.140 Only one conclusion could be reached from a universe where everything is moving away from 19:11.140 --> 19:12.380 each other. 19:12.380 --> 19:18.480 The universe is constantly expanding. 19:18.480 --> 19:23.000 While science discovered the expansion of the universe in the 1920s, this truth was announced 19:23.000 --> 19:27.460 by the Quran 1,400 years earlier. 19:27.460 --> 19:31.420 I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan. 19:31.420 --> 19:37.620 As for heaven, we built it with great power and gave it its vast expanse. 19:37.620 --> 19:43.020 Contrary to what materialists assume, the universe did not emerge because of some coincidences 19:43.020 --> 19:46.820 in matter, but it came into existence with God's creation. 19:46.820 --> 19:59.320 And definitely, the most accurate source of information on the origins of the universe is the Word of God. 19:59.320 --> 20:12.280 Cosmic background radiation 1% of the static electricity found on your television comes from cosmic microwave background radiation left over from the Big Bang of 13.8 billion years ago. 20:12.280 --> 20:13.280 How can that be? 20:13.280 --> 20:15.240 Let's find out. 20:15.240 --> 20:21.840 In 1948, George Gamow made a new proposal concerning the Big Bang. 20:21.840 --> 20:27.120 According to Gamow, if the universe was formed by the Big Bang, then there must be radiation 20:27.120 --> 20:29.240 left over from this explosion. 20:29.240 --> 20:34.200 What's more, this radiation must be uniform throughout the universe. 20:34.200 --> 20:39.200 It wasn't long until proof of the necessary existence of this radiation was found. 20:39.200 --> 20:47.000 In 1965, two researchers named Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered these waves of radiation. 20:47.000 --> 20:55.000 They called it cosmic background radiation and discovered that it had no particular source but was spread all over the universe. 20:55.000 --> 21:03.160 It was a remnant of the first stages of the Big Bang and was a wave of heat that had spread evenly to everywhere in the universe. 21:03.160 --> 21:09.720 Penzias and Wilson won the Nobel Prize for their discovery. 21:09.720 --> 21:20.720 In 1989, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched the COBE satellite to study cosmic background radiation. 21:20.720 --> 21:28.360 The advanced sensors on this satellite took only eight minutes to confirm the findings of Penzias and Wilson. 21:28.360 --> 21:34.960 COBE had discovered proof of the Big Bang as the beginning of the universe. 21:34.960 --> 21:42.120 The greatest astronomical discovery of all time, the Big Bang theory, has been decisively proven. 21:42.120 --> 21:53.120 The COBE-2 satellite which was launched following COBE only further confirmed the calculations regarding the Big Bang that had already been made. 21:53.120 --> 21:55.160 A picture of the Big Bang. 21:55.160 --> 22:03.720 Whichever direction we look in space, we can detect light that has been traveling to us from the beginning of the universe, nearly 13.8 billion years ago. 22:03.720 --> 22:10.720 However, while the radiation mentioned earlier cannot be seen by the human eye, it can't easily be detected by radio telescopes. 22:10.720 --> 22:23.320 On the screen you can see a map showing the radiation in the universe from the Big Bang when the universe was only 380,000 years old. 22:23.320 --> 22:33.320 The image taken by the European Space Agency Planck satellite of the traces of this cosmic radiation was obtained after 16 years of hard work. 22:33.320 --> 22:38.320 It shows us the remaining echoes of the birth of the universe. 22:38.320 --> 23:00.320 The initial findings of the Planck mission showed us clusters of distant galaxies that had never been seen before and radiation that still exists after the Big Bang, thus unearthing further clues as to how the universe began. 23:00.320 --> 23:03.320 Proportion of hydrogen to helium 23:03.320 --> 23:10.320 Another further item of proof for the Big Bang is the amount of hydrogen gas compared to the amount of helium gas in space. 23:10.320 --> 23:20.320 It is understood from recent measurements that the proportion of hydrogen to helium gas in the universe corresponds to the theoretical amount that has been calculated to have remained after the Big Bang. 23:20.320 --> 23:30.320 If the universe had had no beginning and had therefore been in existence forever, hydrogen within it would have been completely burned up and have been converted into helium. 23:32.320 --> 23:34.320 What do the scientists say? 23:34.320 --> 23:40.320 All of this strong evidence has led to firm acceptance of the Big Bang theory by the scientific community. 23:40.320 --> 23:45.320 It is now when concluded by science that the universe began and was formed by the Big Bang. 23:45.320 --> 23:53.320 Even materialist scientists who have objected to the Big Bang theory have had to admit that the universe was created in a moment from nothing. 23:53.320 --> 23:57.320 Perhaps the most important of these is the famous physicist Sir Fred Hoyle. 23:57.320 --> 24:02.320 Hoyle has said the following about the implications of the Big Bang. 24:02.320 --> 24:07.320 The Big Bang theory holds that the universe began with a single explosion. 24:07.320 --> 24:19.320 Yet an explosion merely throws matter apart, while the Big Bang has mysteriously produced the opposite effect, with matter clumping together in the form of galaxies. 24:19.320 --> 24:30.320 Another intricate feature of the order in the Big Bang is the speed of the explosion. 24:30.320 --> 24:34.320 Paul Davies, a renowned professor of theoretical physics, stated that 24:34.320 --> 24:44.320 The pace of expansion after the Big Bang is incredibly fine-tuned and he reached the conclusion that this phenomena could have only been precisely calculated. 24:44.320 --> 24:53.320 Careful measurement puts the rate of expansion very close to a critical value, at which the universe will just escape its own gravity and expand forever. 24:53.320 --> 25:01.320 A little slower and the cosmos would collapse, a little faster, and the cosmic material would have long ago completely dispersed. 25:01.320 --> 25:09.320 If the explosion after the Big Bang had been even a little faster, then the cosmic material would have long ago completely dispersed. 25:09.320 --> 25:19.320 If the expansion rate had differed from its actual value by more than 10 to the minus 18th, one contrillionth of a second, then there would have been no universe. 25:19.320 --> 25:28.320 If the density of the universe was a little bit more, in that case the universe would not be expanding, but contracting, ultimately diminishing to a single point. 25:28.320 --> 25:37.320 If the initial density had been a little bit less, then the universe would be rapidly expanding, but in this case, atomic particles would not be attracting each other. 25:37.320 --> 25:41.320 And no stars and no galaxies would ever have formed. 25:41.320 --> 25:45.620 And no start. 25:45.620 --> 25:46.320 So please feel free. 25:46.320 --> 25:48.320 Of course not. 25:48.320 --> 25:53.620 See you World of Warwick XX 25:53.620 --> 25:55.000 No. 25:55.000 --> 26:01.580 Nouri moi. 26:01.580 --> 26:08.600 Love from the Grっちon. 26:08.600 --> 26:34.680 Perfect systems we can observe in the universe, the stars, the earth, the people living on 26:34.680 --> 26:40.200 the surface of the earth, trees, animals, flowers, and all other life. All of this could never have been 26:40.200 --> 26:47.360 formed following any type of random explosion with atoms coming together on their own. Everywhere 26:47.360 --> 26:53.700 we look, we see proofs of our Lord's presence and his superior power. The Quran tells us how the 26:53.700 --> 27:00.940 universe came out of nothing. I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan. He is the originator of 27:00.940 --> 27:02.940 the heavens and the earth. 27:30.940 --> 27:41.820 Matter and time have been brought into existence by the Creator, who is independent of all these 27:41.820 --> 27:47.940 concepts and has infinite power. The Creator is God, the Lord of the heavens and the earth. 27:47.940 --> 27:54.140 At a time when humanity had only limited knowledge about the universe 14 centuries ago, the Quran gave 27:54.140 --> 27:59.080 this information about the universe in line with the Big Bang Theory, that it came into being from 27:59.080 --> 28:06.080 a minute entity that expanded after being separated. 28:06.080 --> 28:10.080 I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan. 28:10.080 --> 28:15.080 Do those who are unbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were sewn together, 28:15.080 --> 28:21.080 and then we unstitched them, and that we made from water every living thing? So will they not have faith? 28:21.080 --> 28:50.080 The original word, Rakht, which is translated as joined together in the verse, means anything close, solid, impervious, united together in a solid mass. That is, it is used for two different pieces that form an entity, and one of them breaks through the other and makes its way out. Indeed, it is used for two different pieces that form an entity, and one of them breaks through the other and makes its way out. 28:50.080 --> 29:05.080 Indeed, when we are reminded of the first moment of the Big Bang, we see that the point called the cosmic egg contained all the matter in the universe. Everything, the heavens and the earth, that were not created yet, were contained in this spot in a state of rock. 29:05.080 --> 29:16.080 Afterwards, this cosmic egg exploded, causing its matter to fatah, separating one from the other, and in the process created the structure of the whole universe. 29:16.080 --> 29:33.080 Have a look around, and you will see that all is in a state of perfect peace, stability, and perfection. This is because everything on earth is not there by chance. Nothing is out of control, or has developed unconsciously. 29:33.080 --> 29:43.080 Everything is connected with a wonderfully proportionate and remarkable order, because it belongs to our Lord, who created a magnificent and miraculous artistry out of one explosion. 29:43.080 --> 29:52.080 Allah informs us in the Quran, I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan. To him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth. 29:52.080 --> 30:04.080 That brings us to the end of this episode. Goodbye until next time. Goodbye. 30:04.080 --> 30:05.080 Goodbye.