WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:14.000 Fossil Hunter 1 00:14.000 --> 00:15.420 Sea Cows 00:30.000 --> 00:52.260 Krtov is a small village in Silivke district. 00:53.120 --> 00:58.480 The green mountains and the hard-layered, rocky structure peculiar to Mircen can be seen here. 00:58.480 --> 01:02.480 There used to be a sea in central Anatolia in ancient times. 01:02.480 --> 01:08.480 That is why it is always possible to frequently encounter fossils of marine species here. 01:08.480 --> 01:16.480 Even without making any excavations, you can readily see fossils of marine crustaceans appearing just on the surface. 01:16.480 --> 01:20.480 These are marine crustaceans. 01:28.480 --> 01:30.480 This is the bottom of the layer. 01:30.480 --> 01:34.480 There is a layer on top of it, covering the layer and fossilizing what is inside. 01:34.480 --> 01:40.480 When the upper layer is open, we encounter the fossil of a bivalve crustacean. 01:40.480 --> 01:52.480 Let's break it and see what's inside. 01:52.480 --> 02:10.480 As you can see, the rock layers are of various colors. 02:10.480 --> 02:31.480 The minerals inside the rock, which harbors these fossils, have some very crystal structures. 02:31.480 --> 02:35.480 The age of a fossil is determined by examining these mineral structures. 02:35.480 --> 02:45.480 This is the most common method employed to determine the age of fossils. 02:45.480 --> 02:49.480 As you can see, Kurtel is mostly covered with small pieces of rock. 02:49.480 --> 02:54.480 The age of these pieces of rock can be up to 370 million years old. 02:54.480 --> 03:00.480 When you look at them, different rocks distinguish themselves with their distinct colors and patterns. 03:00.480 --> 03:19.480 Yes, this is the case with Kurtel. Fasten your seat belts. Our new destination is Yenisu. 03:19.480 --> 03:22.480 Fossils are mostly found in limestone layers on Earth. 03:22.480 --> 03:27.480 That is because the thickest and the most common layer of the Earth's stratum is limestone. 03:27.480 --> 03:32.480 As we can see here, this is the state of limestone that appears on the surface. 03:32.480 --> 03:36.480 We are now in Mersen and this is Yenisu village. 03:36.480 --> 03:40.480 It is already a village that is famous for its fossil finds. 03:40.480 --> 03:44.480 Let me show you here the content of the limestone. 03:44.480 --> 03:48.480 It is something like plaster. It is usually white. 03:48.480 --> 03:51.480 You know that plaster is a soft and easy to shape material. 03:51.480 --> 03:56.480 Limestone also has such traits and it is a multi-layered geological structure. 03:56.480 --> 04:06.480 Because it is almost like leaf sheets, creatures remain stuck between them and are easily fossilized. 04:06.480 --> 04:08.480 Let me show you the layers. 04:08.480 --> 04:11.480 The camera shows it right now. 04:11.480 --> 04:21.480 When I pull it like this, it separates as layers. 04:21.480 --> 04:26.480 For example, it is very easy to pull apart a large block of it. 04:26.480 --> 04:32.480 The living creatures stuck between these layers are easily fossilized. 04:32.480 --> 04:39.480 Here, many rocks rose to the surface. 04:39.480 --> 04:44.480 This is an interesting geological phenomenon here and it is not peculiar to this area alone. 04:44.480 --> 04:47.480 We will also see them ahead. 04:47.480 --> 04:52.480 As I will show you later, it looks as if stones poured down from the sky. 04:52.480 --> 04:55.480 You can see small pieces of rock everywhere. 04:55.480 --> 04:59.480 Not in the form of big rocks, but in small pieces of stones spread apart. 04:59.480 --> 05:03.480 Therefore, it is possible to find lots of fossils here. 05:03.480 --> 05:09.480 It is as if it rains stones everywhere. 05:09.480 --> 05:12.480 The land is full of large and small pieces of rock. 05:12.480 --> 05:15.480 It looks as if rocks spring up out of the earth. 05:15.480 --> 05:19.480 The appearance of limestone on the surface is also very interesting. 05:19.480 --> 05:25.480 Among them, you can frequently encounter carp and herring fossils dating back to 15 to 20 million years ago. 05:25.480 --> 05:30.480 That is why Yenisu is a very precious place for a fossil scientist. 05:45.480 --> 05:58.480 Sea cows, also known as sirenia in Latin, are an aquatic mammal species. 05:58.480 --> 06:01.480 Why are they called sea cows? 06:01.480 --> 06:04.480 Because they eat the green seaweed at the bottom of the sea. 06:04.480 --> 06:08.480 In other words, they resemble animals who feed on grass. 06:08.480 --> 06:11.480 That is why they are called sea cows. 06:11.480 --> 06:14.480 This fossil has a story. 06:14.480 --> 06:24.480 In 2013, a farmer from the village of Evren found this fossil while working in his own garden and he informed the authorities. 06:24.480 --> 06:30.480 As you can see, the structure of it, its bones, resemble a human skeleton. 06:30.480 --> 06:37.480 Assuming that it was a human skeleton, they called the constabulary. 06:37.480 --> 06:43.480 The examination of the skeleton revealed that it was a sea cow, a species known as sirenia. 06:43.480 --> 06:48.480 What is interesting is that there are no sea cows in the seas surrounding Turkey. 06:48.480 --> 06:51.480 This fossil is more than 20 million years old. 06:51.480 --> 06:55.480 In this respect, it is a very valuable fossil. 06:55.480 --> 07:08.480 This is the only sample in Turkey, which is displayed here in Mersin Silivke. 07:08.480 --> 07:12.480 Many studies conducted on this fossil revealed various data regarding this species. 07:12.480 --> 07:30.480 The sirenia, commonly referred to as sea cows, are herbivorous mammals that comprise the family's dugungaidae. 07:30.480 --> 07:32.480 The length of its spine is 71 cm. 07:32.480 --> 07:33.480 The morphological characteristics of this fossil are as follows. 07:33.480 --> 07:50.480 The width of its vertebrae is 7-12 cm and the height is 5.5-8 cm among the fossil findings. 07:50.480 --> 07:54.480 Among the fossil findings, 10 ribs were found as you can see. 07:54.480 --> 07:55.480 Take a closer look. 07:55.480 --> 07:57.480 There are 10 vertebrae. 07:57.480 --> 08:03.480 I mean, we can see 10 vertebrae here when we count the vertebrae from top to bottom. 08:03.480 --> 08:05.480 The length of the spine is 71 cm. 08:05.480 --> 08:15.480 That is, from front to back, if the spine remained intact, this living creature would have had a spine of exactly 71 cm long. 08:15.480 --> 08:18.480 The width of the vertebrae ranges from 7-12 cm. 08:18.480 --> 08:21.480 In other words, the vertebrae here. 08:21.480 --> 08:36.480 The vertebrae in this area vary in width from 7-12 cm. 08:36.480 --> 08:44.480 The height of these vertebrae is up to 5 cm for some and 8 cm for others. 08:44.480 --> 08:47.480 On the edge of the fins, there are 15 cm long structures. 08:47.480 --> 08:48.480 This is what a technique of the vertebrae is. 08:48.480 --> 08:49.480 The width of the vertebrae ranges from 7-12 cm. 08:49.480 --> 08:50.480 In other words, the vertebrae here. 08:50.480 --> 08:59.480 The vertebrae in this area vary in width from 7-12 cm. 08:59.480 --> 09:09.480 The height of these vertebrae is up to 5 cm for some and 8 cm for others. 09:09.480 --> 09:13.480 On the edge of the fins, there are 15 cm long structures. 09:13.480 --> 09:19.480 This is what a technical examination of the sea cow fossil reveals to us. 09:19.480 --> 09:28.480 Here is the sea cow fossil. 09:28.480 --> 09:40.480 Sea cows, which have a pregnancy period of 12-14 months, are actually mammals. 09:40.480 --> 09:43.480 As you know, mammals live on land. 09:43.480 --> 09:48.480 But there are a few species of mammals living in the sea, like sea cows. 09:48.480 --> 09:56.480 But mammals, especially marine mammals, constitute a major problem for the theory of evolution. 09:56.480 --> 10:06.480 The earth is full of fossils. 10:06.480 --> 10:16.480 There may be billions of fossils resting among the earth's layers and hundreds of millions of them have already been unearthed. 10:16.480 --> 10:25.480 The limestone layer is the type of layer from which one can unearth fossils the easiest. 10:25.480 --> 10:34.480 Once one digs a little deeper here, myriad marine animal fossils can be found here. 10:34.480 --> 10:38.480 The subject of this episode is a sea cow fossil, which is a sea mammal, 10:38.480 --> 10:43.480 which constitutes a major problem for the theory of evolution, as we said earlier, 10:43.480 --> 10:49.480 because with their body structure and their circulatory system, mammals are warm-blooded. 10:49.480 --> 10:53.480 That is to say, they can maintain a stable internal body temperature. 10:53.480 --> 11:02.480 When it's cold, they can keep their body warm to a certain extent, while they cool their internal body temperatures to a certain point by sweating when it is hot. 11:02.480 --> 11:07.480 So, living beings with this feature are known to be warm-blooded animal species. 11:07.480 --> 11:14.480 However, fish that live in the sea are cold-blooded, which means they can't maintain a stable body temperature. 11:14.480 --> 11:23.480 For this reason, they can only survive at certain depths, seasons, and at certain locations, such as some terrestrial reptile species. 11:23.480 --> 11:27.480 This trait of mammals is only possessed by mammals and birds. 11:27.480 --> 11:34.480 In the case of a sea cow, we speak of a marine species, which is both a mammal and capable of living in the sea. 11:34.480 --> 11:36.480 How is this possible? 11:36.480 --> 11:39.480 Some people say fish started to live on land. 11:39.480 --> 11:43.480 Now, does this mean that a terrestrial living being returned to the sea? 11:43.480 --> 11:47.480 This constitutes a huge contradiction for the theory of evolution. 11:47.480 --> 11:48.480 It can never be explained. 11:48.480 --> 11:52.480 If you consider it with common sense, examine it technically. 11:52.480 --> 11:53.480 Do scientific research. 11:53.480 --> 11:55.480 Examine its DNA. 11:55.480 --> 11:57.480 Look inside its molecular structure. 11:57.480 --> 12:06.480 No matter which aspect you consider, it is clear that the sea cow, and that mammals in general, deal a major blow to the theory of evolution. 12:27.480 --> 12:29.480 Is there anything that they talk about themselves, as it is? 12:29.480 --> 12:33.480 Theiratt Gilliaman has been traced. 12:33.480 --> 12:56.540 Looks like it does 12:56.540 --> 13:26.520 We'll be right back. 13:26.540 --> 13:56.520 We'll be right back.