WEBVTT

00:00.000 --> 00:07.940
Music

00:07.940 --> 00:08.900
Music

00:08.900 --> 00:10.940
Music

00:10.940 --> 00:15.820
Music

00:15.820 --> 00:45.740
Dr. Rana Rebete, Reason to Believe'in Başkan Yardımcısı, Biokimiyacı, Genetik ve Sentechik Biyoloji alanlarında çalışmalar yapan Dr. Rana'nın

00:45.820 --> 00:58.980
Yaratılışın Bilimsel Delilleri konusunda iki kitabı, Hücre Zarının Yapısı konusunda Doktora Tezi, Belgeseli, Biochemist Apply Stratoscopy, Hep bunda sorunu çıkartıyorum biliyorum,

00:59.440 --> 01:09.960
Peps Letters, Journal of Microbiological Methods ve Journal of Chemical Education gibi hakemli bilimsel dergilerde yayınlayarak geniş okuyucu kitlelerine ulaşmıştır.

01:09.960 --> 01:18.580
Birçok makalesi olan Sayın Rana, dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde 500'den fazla üniversitede konferans ve kilisede konuşmacılık yapmıştır.

01:18.900 --> 01:23.460
Dr. Rana bugün bize DNA'nın ilham verici tasarımı konusunda konuşma yapacak.

01:23.960 --> 01:25.740
Ok Rana, mikrofon is yours.

01:25.740 --> 01:55.720
 

01:55.720 --> 01:58.540
It was a wonderful, wonderful opportunity.

01:58.800 --> 02:03.960
And so I'm very grateful for the organizers to invite me to come back again this year.

02:04.100 --> 02:05.960
I consider it again an honor.

02:06.720 --> 02:09.240
It's also exciting for me to be part of this project.

02:09.240 --> 02:21.940
It's refreshing to share the stage with fellow Christians and Muslims as we work together to demonstrate the scientific evidence for God's existence,

02:22.360 --> 02:27.400
but also to identify the scientific challenges to the theory of evolution.

02:27.400 --> 02:36.740
And this is very important because the theory of evolution is used to uphold, to support an atheistic worldview.

02:37.280 --> 02:46.620
Because it's a reasonable question, I think, to say, if mechanism, if evolution can explain the origin and the history and the design of life,

02:46.620 --> 02:49.600
then what role is there for a creator to play?

02:50.640 --> 02:56.080
Richard Dawkins in his book, The Blind Watchmaker, said these words.

02:57.080 --> 02:57.620
Here we go.

02:57.620 --> 03:10.540
Although atheism might have been logically tenable before Darwin, Darwin made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist.

03:10.540 --> 03:18.300
And it's statements like these that cause many people, I think, to believe that there is conflict between science and religion.

03:18.300 --> 03:24.920
But yet, it was science that paved the way for my conviction that there was a creator.

03:25.640 --> 03:28.320
When I was an undergraduate student, I was an agnostic.

03:28.740 --> 03:30.640
I didn't know if God existed or not.

03:30.980 --> 03:40.380
I was more interested in becoming a biochemist, doing everything I could to prepare myself to go to graduate school to get a Ph.D. in biochemistry.

03:40.380 --> 03:50.380
As an undergraduate student, I was convinced that evolution was the way to explain the origin of life, the history of life, the design of life.

03:50.380 --> 03:56.480
Not because I examined the evidence and drew that conclusion, but because that's what my professors taught.

03:57.320 --> 03:59.440
Professors that I admired and respected.

04:00.180 --> 04:04.940
And I accepted what they taught about the theory of evolution uncritically.

04:04.940 --> 04:10.440
I meet many students when I speak on university campuses who are like me.

04:10.440 --> 04:15.360
They accept the theory of evolution because this is what their professors are teaching them.

04:16.120 --> 04:18.960
But things changed for me when I went to graduate school.

04:20.460 --> 04:32.420
In graduate school, one of the key things that's part of that education is teaching students to think independently, to think critically, to become scientists,

04:32.420 --> 04:38.300
to evaluate the evidence and draw conclusions, regardless of what the experts say.

04:39.800 --> 04:44.600
And I began to ask questions I wouldn't have asked as an undergraduate.

04:44.800 --> 04:46.860
Like, where does life come from?

04:46.940 --> 04:49.600
How do scientists explain the origin of life?

04:49.640 --> 04:54.520
And I was prompted to ask that question because as I was learning about biochemistry,

04:54.520 --> 05:01.680
I came to appreciate the incredible elegance and sophistication, the ingenuity of biochemical systems.

05:01.680 --> 05:05.820
So I wanted to know, how do scientists explain where these systems come from?

05:06.120 --> 05:12.900
And as I began to evaluate the different theories for chemical evolution, for the origin of life, I was shocked.

05:13.400 --> 05:19.520
I very quickly realized that chemistry and physics could not produce the elegant designs of biochemical systems.

05:19.520 --> 05:27.620
And it was that recognition, coupled with the design of biochemical systems, that convinced me there had to be a mind.

05:27.960 --> 05:30.740
There had to be a creator that brought life into existence.

05:31.340 --> 05:35.180
And then that prompted me to ask other questions, such as, who is that creator?

05:35.520 --> 05:36.940
How do I relate to that creator?

05:37.060 --> 05:41.540
And I personally found the answer to those questions in the Christian faith.

05:41.900 --> 05:43.560
That was 30 years ago.

05:43.560 --> 05:50.960
And over the last three decades, there have been advances in biochemistry, insights into the original life problem,

05:51.320 --> 05:54.280
that only make that conclusion even stronger.

05:54.700 --> 05:59.560
And what I'd like to do today is give you just a glimpse into some of the evidence,

05:59.960 --> 06:05.460
some of the reasons why I think that life must stem from the work of a creator.

06:05.820 --> 06:08.580
And I'm going to focus on the DNA molecule.

06:08.580 --> 06:14.220
But instead of talking about the optimal and elegant design of the DNA molecule,

06:14.880 --> 06:17.680
which would be a lecture that would go on for hours,

06:18.140 --> 06:22.420
what I'm going to do is talk about something, I think, fascinating about DNA.

06:22.960 --> 06:30.580
DNA is so optimally designed that it's inspiring new technologies, new nanotechnologies,

06:31.660 --> 06:35.740
specifically the development of new types of data storage media.

06:35.740 --> 06:40.740
It's leading the way in developing the next generation of computers.

06:41.240 --> 06:44.320
It's leading the way in developing nanoelectronics.

06:45.120 --> 06:51.160
This whole area of research is called bioinspiration in biomimetics,

06:51.340 --> 06:55.160
where designs in biology are inspiring new technologies.

06:55.660 --> 07:01.000
And I believe that this is actually fertile ground to develop new reasons

07:01.000 --> 07:05.260
to believe that there is a creator that brought life into existence.

07:06.880 --> 07:13.420
Now, to appreciate how DNA can inspire this type of technology,

07:13.560 --> 07:17.580
we need to understand the role of DNA inside the cell.

07:18.140 --> 07:21.080
DNA is simply an information storage system.

07:21.720 --> 07:24.720
And the information in DNA is digital information.

07:24.720 --> 07:31.860
And scientists believe that DNA actually is at the theoretical maximum

07:31.860 --> 07:37.060
in terms of data storage capacity, which is a remarkable property.

07:37.640 --> 07:42.860
And because of that property, again, DNA is inspiring new technology.

07:44.000 --> 07:49.500
DNA is optimally designed for its role as a data storage system.

07:49.500 --> 07:55.720
And because of time constraints, I can't get into all the details of the structure of DNA

07:55.720 --> 07:59.320
and how it contributes to its optimal data storage properties.

08:00.400 --> 08:06.040
Every facet, every detail, every nuanced aspect of the DNA structure contributes

08:06.040 --> 08:07.860
to this particular property.

08:08.780 --> 08:13.960
And if people want more information, I would recommend that they take a look at my book,

08:14.080 --> 08:19.160
The Cell's Design, where I have a section that describes the optimal nature of the DNA molecule.

08:19.160 --> 08:27.940
But for now, what we're going to do is simply turn our attention to the role that DNA is playing

08:27.940 --> 08:29.600
in inspiring new technology.

08:30.500 --> 08:35.520
And the first place I want to look at is DNA as a digital storage data system.

08:36.880 --> 08:38.680
Now, this is really interesting.

08:39.180 --> 08:42.400
Currently, the world is facing a data storage crisis.

08:42.580 --> 08:46.560
You may not have realized that, but we're facing a data storage crisis.

08:46.560 --> 08:52.340
There's currently 44 trillion gigabytes of data in the world.

08:52.740 --> 08:57.400
Now, to give you some context, if there's 10 billion people on the planet, it would mean

08:57.400 --> 09:04.400
each person would have to have over 6,000 compact disks in order to store all that data.

09:04.820 --> 09:06.380
It's a massive amount of data.

09:06.380 --> 09:14.200
And in fact, experts predict by 2040, if we continue at this pace of generating data,

09:14.560 --> 09:20.260
there will not be enough high-quality silicon in the world to make the data storage devices

09:20.260 --> 09:21.000
that we need.

09:21.700 --> 09:22.860
This is a real problem.

09:23.400 --> 09:25.400
This is where DNA comes into play.

09:25.400 --> 09:33.000
Because one kilogram of DNA can store all the data that currently exists in the world.

09:33.160 --> 09:39.200
Again, DNA operates at the theoretical maximum for data storage capacity.

09:40.120 --> 09:46.220
This has led scientists to contemplate using DNA as a digital storage medium.

09:46.220 --> 09:54.980
And as a proof of principle, in 2012, Harvard scientist George Church and his team actually

09:54.980 --> 09:59.040
encoded an entire book in the DNA molecule.

09:59.460 --> 10:04.340
This book was about 55,000 words and even included 11 JPEG images.

10:04.740 --> 10:10.820
And I would dare say that DNA could actually encode all the works of Heron Yahya as well.

10:11.540 --> 10:14.620
It has that much data storage capacity.

10:14.620 --> 10:19.660
One of the things that was real interesting that George Church and his team did is they

10:19.660 --> 10:26.440
encoded the DNA in fragments, where part of the fragment was a locator sequence, like

10:26.440 --> 10:30.660
a page number on a page in a book, and the other part contained data.

10:30.800 --> 10:39.380
That allowed them to go into the DNA system and actually retrieve data, not only page by page,

10:39.380 --> 10:44.520
but to skip around and locate data randomly from different pages.

10:44.620 --> 10:46.980
It's a really, really clever design.

10:49.280 --> 10:55.240
DNA is so optimal, again, in its data storage capacity that it's actually serving as inspiration

10:55.240 --> 11:01.920
for technologists to look at developing other types of man-made polymers that could serve

11:01.920 --> 11:04.360
as digital storage devices as well.

11:04.940 --> 11:07.840
So DNA clearly is an inspirational molecule.

11:07.840 --> 11:15.780
Computer scientists and molecular biologists have come to realize that the fundamental operations

11:15.780 --> 11:22.560
on DNA, transcription, replication, DNA repair, are literally functioning like computer systems.

11:22.560 --> 11:29.500
And this has inspired a whole new area of nanotechnology called DNA computing.

11:29.500 --> 11:33.840
And this is a picture of Leonard Adelman, who is the father of DNA computing.

11:33.840 --> 11:39.380
He's a scientist at the University of Southern California in the United States.

11:41.440 --> 11:49.380
DNA computers are housed in little tiny test tubes, this big, yet they are more powerful than the most powerful

11:49.380 --> 11:52.120
supercomputer systems that we've built to date.

11:52.120 --> 11:58.660
And their power comes from two things, the data storage capacity of DNA and the opportunity

11:58.660 --> 12:02.320
to do massive parallel operations simultaneously.

12:03.120 --> 12:09.940
In fact, researchers have been able to solve problems that you cannot solve with silicon-based computers,

12:10.320 --> 12:14.700
such as directed Hamilton path problems and what's called the Knight problem.

12:14.700 --> 12:21.380
Now, another interesting property of DNA is that it can function like a molecular scale wire.

12:22.100 --> 12:28.540
And this was a discovery made in the early 1990s by Jacqueline Barton, a chemist at Caltech.

12:28.880 --> 12:35.120
She discovered that DNA has this unusual property of being able to conduct electrical current

12:35.120 --> 12:38.020
along the length of the DNA double helix.

12:38.820 --> 12:43.860
And in fact, about ten years later, she and her team showed that this is actually playing

12:43.860 --> 12:48.080
a critical role in detecting damage to the DNA.

12:48.640 --> 12:50.840
And this diagram attempts to show that.

12:51.300 --> 12:54.780
What you have is a surveillance protein that will bind to the DNA.

12:54.780 --> 12:57.200
And that's how you can find the DNA.

12:57.200 --> 13:00.640
It takes it to an electron from a B-DOT center.

13:00.640 --> 13:05.380
And it passes that electron into the DNA wire.

13:05.820 --> 13:07.900
And that current is not flowing through the DNA.

13:07.900 --> 13:13.000
Another surveillance protein that's bound to the DNA will pick up that electron.

13:13.000 --> 13:18.480
And when it picks up the electron, it dissociates from the DNA, migrates down the DNA, migrates down the DNA.

13:18.480 --> 13:23.020
Gözetim proteinin bir elektron kaybettiğinde DNA, çift telezonundan ayrılmaz.

13:23.540 --> 13:29.920
DNA'ya bağlanan başka gözetim proteinleri, DNA'nın demir-sülfür-redoks merkezinden elektronları toplar.

13:29.920 --> 13:35.960
Bu işlem bittiğinde DNA'dan koparak çift telezon boyunca tekrar hareket ederler.

13:36.660 --> 13:42.900
Varacakları noktaya ulaşan gözetim proteinleri, DNA'ya tekrar bağlanarak DNA'nın içine bir elektron yollar.

13:43.800 --> 13:48.500
Bu gerçekten çok karmaşık bir sistemdir.

13:48.500 --> 13:53.160
Ve bu sistem bilim adamlarının aynı şeyi teknolojiye uygun.

13:53.160 --> 13:54.680
DNA'ya kullanacaklar.

13:55.100 --> 14:06.240
And there's even thought that this could actually serve as a next generation of very sophisticated medical diagnostic equipment by using DNA's wire properties.

14:08.240 --> 14:18.400
So again, DNA is an inspirational molecule inspiring at least three areas of technology that all relate to its digital data storage capacity.

14:18.500 --> 14:23.680
But I think DNA is doing more than inspiring technology.

14:23.920 --> 14:26.640
It's inspiring the case for a creator.

14:27.080 --> 14:29.740
A new way to argue for God's existence.

14:30.020 --> 14:38.060
And to appreciate that, I'd like for us to spend a minute considering the works of the British natural theologian William Paley.

14:38.060 --> 14:52.180
Who in the late 1700s presented the world with the watchmaker argument for God's existence in his book Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity Collected from Appearances in Nature.

14:53.280 --> 14:57.980
And this is how Paley introduces the watchmaker argument.

14:57.980 --> 15:04.160
In crossing the heath, suppose I pitched my foot against the stone and were asked how that stone came to be there.

15:04.520 --> 15:09.820
I might possibly answer that for anything I knew to the contrary, it had lain there forever.

15:10.640 --> 15:16.500
But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place.

15:16.800 --> 15:19.700
I should hardly think of the answer which I had given before.

15:19.700 --> 15:23.480
That for anything I knew, the watch might have always been there.

15:23.940 --> 15:28.400
Yet why should not this answer serve for the watch as well as the stone?

15:28.860 --> 15:33.080
Why is not it as admissible in the second case as the first?

15:33.700 --> 15:43.460
For this reason and for no other, that when we come to inspect the watch, we perceive what we could not discover in the stone.

15:43.860 --> 15:47.200
That several parts are framed together for a purpose.

15:47.200 --> 15:51.400
That is, they are so formed and adjusted to produce motion.

15:51.820 --> 15:55.320
And that that motion so regulated is to point out the hour of the day.

15:55.780 --> 16:04.280
That if the different parts have been differently shaped from what they are or placed after any other manner or in any other order than that in which they are placed,

16:04.400 --> 16:11.760
either no motion at all would have been carried on in the machine or none which would have answered the use that is now served by it.

16:12.040 --> 16:15.360
This mechanism being observed, the inference we think is inevitable.

16:15.360 --> 16:20.660
That watch must have had a maker, there must have existed at some time, at some place or other,

16:21.060 --> 16:26.460
an artificer or artificers who formed it for the purpose, which we now find it actually to answer,

16:26.860 --> 16:30.200
who comprehended its construction and designed its use.

16:30.200 --> 16:37.400
For Paley, the character of the watch and the complex interaction of its precision parts,

16:37.400 --> 16:40.220
if that was awhile on purpose was obtained.

16:40.220 --> 16:46.500
A MT7 that takes time to exploit it since the core of the watchmaker,

16:46.500 --> 16:48.780
it may be a change for ainstant.

16:48.900 --> 16:50.960
And the image of an being installed,

16:50.980 --> 16:53.900
the universal elements are the same with the basic.

16:54.020 --> 16:57.560
By presenting the activities of a practicing process?

16:57.660 --> 16:58.880
Ahora, killing others are the same with a POLFIC.

16:58.880 --> 17:05.880
But watchers and organizations are the product of a creator.

17:05.880 --> 17:18.880
And I think it's straightforward to appreciate how advanced biochemistry allows us to bring new watchers into the watchmaker.

17:18.880 --> 17:28.880
Hücre içindeki DNA bilgisayarları, insan tasarımı objelerle biyokimya tasarımları arasındaki dikkate değer benzerlikleri vurgular.

17:28.880 --> 17:35.880
Günümüzde mühendisliğin ulaştığı son nokta olan bilgisayar sistemlerinin var olması için bir zihne veya zihinlere ihtiyaç vardır.

17:35.880 --> 17:43.880
Hücre içerisinde de bilgisayar sistemleri mevcut olduğuna göre, hayatın var olması için ilahi bir zihnin olduğu sonucuna varabiliriz.

17:43.880 --> 17:52.880
Bu sonuç doğrultusunda Adelman'ın bilgisayarla biyoloji arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl açıkladığına bir bakalım.

17:52.880 --> 18:01.880
DNA bilgisayarları hakkındaki en önemli şey DNA moleküllerinin normalde bilgisayarların yaptığını düşündüğümüz işlemleri yapmasıdır.

18:01.880 --> 18:06.880
Bu bilgisayar biliminin ve biyolojinin birbiriyle yakından bağlantılı olduğunu gösterir.

18:06.880 --> 18:10.880
Bundan her canlının işlem yaptığı düşünülebilir.

18:10.880 --> 18:17.880
Bazen de canlılara bilgisayarmış gibi bakarak onları daha iyi anlayabiliriz.

18:17.880 --> 18:24.880
Hücrenin tasarım adlı kitabında yeniden üstünde durduğum saatçi tezi ile birlikte saatçi öngörüsünü ortaya koydum.

18:24.880 --> 18:31.880
Hücrenin moleküler sistemlerinin çoğunluğu insan tasarımıyla olan benzerliğini hala ortaya koyamıyoruz.

18:31.880 --> 18:34.880
Çünkü benzer teknolojiler henüz geliştirilemedi.

18:34.880 --> 18:41.880
Yani teknoloji geliştikçe saatçi tezi daha da güçlenip daha kesin sonuçlarla karşımıza çıkabilir.

18:41.880 --> 18:53.880
Teknolojideki gelişmeleri biyokimyasal sistemlerde zaten var olan moleküler teknolojiyi yansıtacağı saatçi öngörüsünün temelidir.

18:53.880 --> 19:04.880
Tasarımcılar yeni teknolojiler geliştirirken daha önce bilinmeyen bu teknoloji örneklerinin hücrenin moleküler sisteminde zaten mevcut olduğu görülecektir.

19:04.880 --> 19:15.880
Diğer bir deyişle saatçi benzetmesi Allah'ın varlığını gösterir bir delil oluştururken canlılardaki biyokimyasal sistemler teknolojik gelişmeleri ışık tutacaktır.

19:15.880 --> 19:26.880
Saatçi tezi ile bağlantılı bir argümana karşı başka bir argüman geliştirilmiştir.

19:26.880 --> 19:31.880
Ona da karşı saatçi tezi adı verilir.

19:31.880 --> 19:37.880
Buradaki düşünce şudur.

19:37.880 --> 19:56.880
Biyolojik tasarımlar bir yaratıcının eseri ise o zaman bu sistemler o kadar iyi tasarlanmış olmalıdır ki mühendislik için model olarak alınabilmeli ya da yeni teknolojilerin geliştirilmesini sağlamalıdır.

19:56.880 --> 20:07.880
Bu doğrultuda biyomimetik ve bioinspirasyon disiplinleri de saatçinin yanında yer almalıdır.

20:07.880 --> 20:14.880
Belli bir seviyede karşı saatçi tezini klasik saatçi tezinden daha inandırıcı buluyorum.

20:14.880 --> 20:21.880
Biyolojime gelseydi biyomimetik ve bioinspirasyon programlarının bu kadar başarılı olması düşünülemezdi.

20:21.880 --> 20:28.880
Bu düşünce Richard Dawkins tarafından kör saatçi adlı kitabında şöyle dile getirilir.

20:28.880 --> 20:38.880
Artık bildiğimiz kör, şuursuz, otomatik süreçlerin bir sonucu olan doğal seleksiyon hayatın varlığı ve amacını açıklasa da kendisinin herhangi bir amacı yoktur.

20:38.880 --> 20:45.880
Aklı yoktur, düşüncesi yoktur, ilerisi için plan yapmaz, vizyona öngörüsü görüşü de yoktur.

20:45.880 --> 20:51.880
Doğada saatçi ruhunu oynama nasıl söylenebilirse ancak bu kör bir saatçi olabilir.

20:51.880 --> 20:54.880
Dakin sözlerine şunu da ekliyor.

20:54.880 --> 20:57.880
Palayı canlardaki karmaşık düzeni hayranlık duyuyor.

20:57.880 --> 21:00.880
Bunun çok özel bir açıklaması olması gerektiğini görüyordu.

21:00.880 --> 21:03.880
Ne var ki yaptığı açıklamanın kendisi yanlıştı.

21:03.880 --> 21:10.880
Gerçek açıklama ancak Charles Darwin'in ortaya çıkacaktı.

21:10.880 --> 21:33.880
Evrimci biyologların, biyolojik sistemlerin kendine hiçbir model almadan tarihsel tesadüfli süreçlerle önceden varolan tasarımların kabaca bir araya gelmesiyle olduğunu düşünürler.

21:33.880 --> 21:43.880
Evrimci biyologların çoğu evrimsel süreçlerinde yolların mükemmel tasarımlar ortaya koyamayacaklarını,

21:43.880 --> 21:48.880
hatta evrimle oluşmuş biyolojik tasarımların bir şekilde kusurlu olacağını bilirler.

21:48.880 --> 21:58.880
Biyologların büyük bir bölümü doğal seleksiyonun iyi adapte olmuş biyolojik tasarımlar ortaya çıkarırken biyolojik sistemlerin iyi tasarlanmadığını savunurlar.

21:58.880 --> 21:59.880
Neden?

21:59.880 --> 22:04.880
Çünkü evrimci süreçler en baştan biyolojik sistemler meydana getirmez.

22:04.880 --> 22:10.880
Daha sonra bu yeni yapılar üzerinde doğal seleksiyon aracılığıyla ince ayar yapılarak optimize edilebilir.

22:10.880 --> 22:17.880
Sonuç olarak iyi adapte olmuş tasarımlar ortaya çıksa da iyi tasarlanmış sistemler meydana gelmez.

22:17.880 --> 22:28.880
İyi adapte olmuş tasarımlar hiçbir zaman ortaya çıkmaz.

22:28.880 --> 22:49.880
Evrim mükemmellik oluşturmaz bir organın gelişmesindeki her ara evre seçici bir avantaj sağlamalıdır ki bu gereklilik organ için en basit ve en mükemmel tasarımın evrimle meydana getirilemeyeceği anlamına gelir.

22:49.880 --> 22:56.880
Aslında evrimin ayırıcı özelliği daha önce var olan yapıların değiştirilmesidir.

22:56.880 --> 23:02.880
Kısacası evrimleşmiş bir organizma bu değişikliğin belli işaretlerini ortaya koymalıdır.

23:02.880 --> 23:19.880
Biyolojik sistemler yamalanmış bir şekilde oluşmuş olsalardı mühendis ve teknoloji uzmanları biyolojik sistemleri kendilerine model olarak almazdı.

23:19.880 --> 23:29.880
Milyonlarca yıl sürmüş de olsa evrimsel süreçler biyolojik sistemlerin teknolojik gelişmeleri güvenilir birer esim kaynağı olmasını sağlayamaz.

23:29.880 --> 23:38.880
Mühendislerin tesadüfen meydana gelmiş biyolojik sistemleri problem çözmede ya da yeni teknolojilere esim kaynağı olarak kullanmaları düşünülemez.

23:38.880 --> 23:48.880
Mühendisliğin kendisine biyolojik tasarımları rehber olarak alması hayatın ve tarihin evrimsel açıklamasına tabanlanmaktadır.

23:48.880 --> 24:03.880
Doğadaki tasarımlar bir yaratıcının eseri olduğuna göre doğadaki biyolojik sistemlerin mühendisliğe esin kaynağı olması gayet anlaşılır bir durum.

24:03.880 --> 24:15.880
Bir bilim adamı Hristiyan olarak Tevrat ve İncil'de bilimin gelişmesiyle ilgili ifadeler dikkat çekici.

24:15.880 --> 24:27.880
Özellikle biyomimetik ve bioinspirasyon konusunda Eyüp bölümünden 7 ve 9 dolu pasajları söylüyor.

24:27.880 --> 24:45.880
İzlediğiniz için teşekkür ederim.

24:45.880 --> 24:46.880
Çok teşekkür ederim.

24:46.880 --> 24:48.880
Aplausos

24:48.880 --> 24:50.880
Aplausos

24:50.880 --> 24:52.880
Aplausos

24:52.880 --> 24:54.880
Aplausos